Treaty of Belgrade
Treaty of Belgrade | |
---|---|
Signed | 18 September 1739 |
Location | Belgrade, Habsburg Kingdom of Serbia (now Serbia) |
Parties | Habsburg Monarchy Ottoman Empire |
The Treaty of Belgrade, also known as the Belgrade Peace,[a] was the peace treaty signed on September 18, 1739 in Belgrade, Habsburg Kingdom of Serbia (today Serbia), by the Ottoman Empire on one side and the Habsburg monarchy on the other, that ended the Austro–Turkish War (1737–1739).[1]
Treaty
[edit]This treaty ended the hostilities of the five-year Austro-Russian–Turkish War (1735–39), in which the Habsburgs joined Imperial Russia in its fight against the Ottomans. Austria was defeated by the Turks at Grocka in August 1739 and concluded a preliminary treaty with the Ottoman Empire on 1 September, signed by count Wilhelm Reinhard von Neipperg and the Grand vizier. That was followed by the conclusion of the final peace treaty on 18 September, that was also signed in the Grand vizier's camp at Belgrade. With the Treaty of Belgrade, the Habsburgs ceded the Kingdom of Serbia with Belgrade, the southern part of the Banat of Temeswar and northern Bosnia to the Ottomans, and the Banat of Craiova (Oltenia), gained by the Treaty of Passarowitz in 1718, to Wallachia (an Ottoman subject), and set the demarcation line to the rivers Sava and Danube.[2][3][4]
The Austro-Turkish Treaty of Belgrade effectively ended the autonomy of Kingdom of Serbia which had existed since 1718. This territory would await the next Habsburg-Ottoman war to be temporarily again included into the Habsburg monarchy in 1788 with the help of Koča Anđelković.[5]
The treaty is also notable for being one of the last international treaties to be written in Latin.[6]
Aftermath
[edit]The Habsburg decision to withdraw from the war after the Battle of Grocka in August 1739 forced Russia to also accept peace talks, trough French mediation, that resulted in a separate preliminary peace treaty that was signed on the same day (18 September) in Belgrade, and was later finalized by the Treaty of Niš (3 October), ending the Russo–Turkish War (1735–1739), and allowing Russia to build a port at Azov, thus gaining a foothold on the Black Sea.[7][8]
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Roider 1972b, p. 195–207.
- ^ Ćirković 2004, p. 154, 176.
- ^ Hochedlinger 2013, p. 215-216.
- ^ Kurtaran 2018, p. 169-192.
- ^ Dennis P. Hupchick, The Balkans:From Constantinople to Communism, (Palgrave Macmillan, 2002), 213.
- ^ Laugier, Marc-Antoine (1770). The History of the Negociations for the Peace Concluded at Belgrade September 18, 1739. W. and J. Richardson. p. 528.
- ^ Roider 1972b, p. 206.
- ^ Treaty of Nis (1739), Alexander Mikaberidze, Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia, ed. Alexander Mikaberidze, (ABC-CLIO, 2011), 647.
Sources
[edit]- Bataković, Dušan T., ed. (2005). Histoire du peuple serbe [History of the Serbian People] (in French). Lausanne: L’Age d’Homme.
- Ćirković, Sima (2004). The Serbs. Malden: Blackwell Publishing.
- Hochedlinger, Michael (2013). Austria's Wars of Emergence: War, State and Society in the Habsburg Monarchy, 1683–1797. London & New York: Routledge.
- Kurtaran, Uğur (2018). "Ottoman-Austria border determination works and newly determined borders according to the Treaty of Belgrade of 1739". Belgrade 1521-1867. Belgrade: The Institute of History. pp. 169–192.
- Oruç, Hatice (2018). "Belgrade according to the 1741 dated tahrir defter on the Smederevo sanjak". Belgrade 1521-1867. Belgrade: The Institute of History. pp. 193–257.
- Regele, Oskar (1954). "Die Schuld des Grafen Reinhard Wilhelm von Neipperg am Belgrader Frieden 1739 und an der Niederlage bei Mollwitz 1741". Mitteilungen des Österreichischen Staatsarchivs. 7: 373–398.
- Roider, Karl A. (1972a). The Reluctant Ally: Austria's Policy in the Austro-Turkish War, 1737–1739. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. ISBN 978-0-8071-0237-4.
- Roider, Karl A. (1972b). "The Perils of Eighteenth-Century Peacemaking: Austria and the Treaty of Belgrade, 1739". Central European History. 5 (3): 195–207. doi:10.1017/s0008938900015478. S2CID 145605956.
- Tupetz, Theodor (1878). "Der Türkenfeldzug von 1739 und der Friede zu Belgrad". Historische Zeitschrift. 40: 1–51. doi:10.1524/hzhz.1878.40.jg.1. JSTOR 27592807. S2CID 164314285.
External links
[edit]- Serbia under Habsburg rule
- Ottoman Serbia
- 18th century in Belgrade
- Ottoman period in the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- 1730s in Romania
- History of Oltenia
- History of Wallachia (1714–1821)
- Russo-Turkish wars
- Peace treaties of the Ottoman Empire
- Peace treaties of Austria
- 1739 treaties
- Treaties of the Habsburg monarchy
- 1739 in the Habsburg monarchy
- 1739 in the Ottoman Empire
- Habsburg monarchy–Ottoman Empire relations
- Bilateral treaties of the Ottoman Empire