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Marfa lights

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A Marfa light (center) seen from the official viewing platform east of Marfa, Texas

The Marfa lights, also known as the Marfa ghost lights, are regularly observed near Marfa, Texas, in the United States.[1] They are most often seen from a viewing area nearby, which the community has publicized to encourage tourism.[2] While some wishful onlookers attribute them to paranormal causes including ghosts, UFOs, and flying dinosaurs,[1][3] they are attributable to atmospherically distorted versions of terrestrial-based lights including the headlights of automobiles on the nearby Route 67.[2] One group of university students observed that when they parked a car on the route and flashed its headlights, this was visible at the viewing area and appeared to be a Marfa light.[4] Scientists observing the lights over the period 2000 to 2008[5][2] speculated that rare reports of erratically behaving lights were attributable to natural methane reserves through a mechanism similar to that of will-o'-the-wisps; and piezoelectric charge created by the igneous rock under Mitchell Flat.[6]

Overview

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The "Marfa Lights" label within this image shows where Marfa lights can be seen.
Marfa, Texas is located at 30°18′43″N 104°1′29″W / 30.31194°N 104.02472°W / 30.31194; -104.02472.[7]

According to Judith Brueske, the favorite place from which to view the lights is a widened shoulder on Highway 90 about nine miles east of Marfa. The lights are most often reported as distant spots of brightness, distinguishable from ranch lights and automobile headlights on Highway 67 (between Marfa and Presidio, to the south) primarily by their aberrant movements."[8]

Robert and Judy Wagers define "Classic Marfa Lights" as being seen south-southwest of the Marfa Lights Viewing Center (MLVC). They define the left margin of the viewing area as being aligned along the Big Bend Telephone Company tower as viewed from the MLVC, and the right margin as Chinati Peak as viewed from the MLVC.[9]

Referring to the Marfa Lights View Park east of Marfa (coordinates: 30°16'30"N 103°52'59"W), James Bunnell describes Marfa lights as "orbs of light", which change in intensity and color, which can move or remain stationary, splitting or merging.[10] He describes the lights as being usually yellow-orange, but also occasionally other hues including green, blue, and red.[10] He states that they usually fly above desert vegetation but below mesas in the background.[10]

History

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The first historical record of the Marfa lights was in 1883 when a young cowhand, Robert Reed Ellison, saw a flickering light while he was driving cattle through Paisano Pass and wondered if it was the campfire of the Apache. Other settlers told him they often saw the lights, but that when they investigated they found no ashes or other evidence of a campsite.[11][1] Joe and Anne Humphreys next reported seeing the lights in 1885.[9]: 21–22 

The first published account of the lights appeared in the July 1957 issue of Coronet magazine.[12][13] In 1976 Elton Miles's Tales of the Big Bend included stories dating to the 19th century and a photograph of the Marfa lights by a local rancher.[9]: 25 

Bunnell lists 34 Marfa lights sightings from 1945 through 2008. Monitoring stations were put in place starting in 2003. He has identified "an average of 9.5 MLs on 5.25 nights per year", but believes that the monitoring stations may only be finding half of the Marfa lights in Mitchell Flat.[10]: 261 

Explanations

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Atmospheric phenomena

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Skeptic Brian Dunning notes that the designated "View Park" for the lights, a roadside park on the south side of U.S. Route 90 about 9 miles (14 km) east of Marfa, is at the site of Marfa Army Airfield, where tens of thousands of personnel were stationed between 1942 and 1947, training American and Allied pilots. This massive field was then used for years as a regional airport, with daily airline service. Since Marfa AAF and its satellite fields are each constantly patrolled by sentries, they consider it unlikely that any unusual phenomena would remain unobserved and unmentioned. According to Dunning, the likeliest explanation is that the lights are a sort of mirage caused by sharp temperature gradients between cold and warm layers of air.[14] Marfa is at an elevation of 4,688 ft (1,429 m) above sea level, and temperature differentials of 40–50 °F (22–28 °C) between high and low temperatures are quite common.

Car lights

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In May 2004 a group from the Society of Physics Students at the University of Texas at Dallas spent four days investigating and recording lights observed southwest of the view park using traffic volume-monitoring equipment, video cameras, binoculars, and chase cars. Their report made the following conclusions:[4]

  • U.S. Highway 67 is visible from the Marfa lights viewing location.
  • The frequency of lights southwest of the view park correlates with the frequency of vehicle traffic on U.S. 67.
  • The motion of the observed lights was in a straight line, corresponding to U.S. 67.
  • When the group parked a vehicle on U.S. 67 and flashed its headlights, this was visible at the view park and appeared to be a Marfa light.
  • A car passing the parked vehicle appeared as one Marfa light passing another at the view park.

They came to the conclusion that all the lights observed over a four-night period southwest of the view park could be reliably attributed to automobile headlights traveling along U.S. 67 between Marfa and Presidio, Texas.

Spectroscopic analysis

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For 20 nights in May 2008, scientists from Texas State University used spectroscopy equipment to observe lights from the Marfa lights viewing station. They recorded a number of lights that "could have been mistaken for lights of unknown origin", but in each case the movements of the lights and the data from their equipment could be easily explained as automobile headlights or small fires. They concluded that due to the rarity of observation of "genuine" Marfa lights, those with odd behaviour not explainable as car lights, more research was necessary to determine their nature.[15]

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The lights have been featured and mentioned in various media, including the television show Unsolved Mysteries and an episode of King of the Hill ("Of Mice and Little Green Men") and in an episode of the Disney Channel Original Series So Weird. A book by David Morrell, 2009's The Shimmer, was inspired by the lights. The Rolling Stones mention the "lights of Marfa" in the song "No Spare Parts" from the 2011 re-release of their 1978 album Some Girls. Country music artist Paul Cauthen wrote "Marfa Lights," a love song inspired by the lights, for his 2016 album "My Gospel." In the 2019 Simpsons episode "Mad About the Toy", the family visits Marfa. Lisa tries to explain the lights but is prevented by Marge.[16] The Union Trade had a song called "Marfa Lights" on their 2015 album "A Place Of Long Years".

See also

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References

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Notes

  1. ^ a b c Fiumi, Elettra; Stein, Eliot (17 January 2018). "The mysterious 'Ghost Lights' of Marfa, Texas". BBC. Retrieved 6 July 2024.
  2. ^ a b c Rogers, Kaleigh (2017-05-09). "Scientists Can't Fully Explain These Strange Floating Lights in Texas". Vice. Retrieved 2024-07-07.
  3. ^ Feldman, Claudia (19 December 2010). "What's going on in Marfa?". Houston Chronicle.
  4. ^ a b Stolyarov, Alexander; Jeff Klenzing; Patrick Roddy; R.A. Heelis (2004). "An Experimental Analysis of the Marfa Lights" (PDF). The Society of Physics Students at the University of Dallas. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 June 2007. Retrieved 19 January 2017.
  5. ^ Stephan, Karl D.; Ghimire, Sagar; Stapleton, William A.; Bunnell, James (1 August 2009). "Spectroscopy applied to observations of terrestrial light sources of uncertain origin". American Journal of Physics. 77 (8).
  6. ^ Lallanilla, Marc (19 June 2023). "What Are the Marfa Lights?". LiveScience.
  7. ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
  8. ^ Brueske, Judith (1989). The Marfa Lights. Ocotillo Enterprises. p. 7.
  9. ^ a b c Wagers, Robert (2012). Mysteries of the Marfa Lights Revealed. R&J Books Unique. pp. 75–79. ISBN 978-0988827127.
  10. ^ a b c d Bunnell, James (2009). Hunting Marfa Lights. Lacey Publishing Company. pp. 14–15. ISBN 978-0970924940.
  11. ^ Smith, Julia Cauble. "Marfa Lights". Texas State Historical Association.
  12. ^ Moran, Paul (July 1957). "The Mystery of the Texas Ghost Light". Coronet. 42 (3).
  13. ^ Brian Haughton (2011). Famous Ghost Stories: Legends and Lore. The Rosen Publishing Group. pp. 157–. ISBN 978-1448848409.
  14. ^ Dunning, Brian (11 April 2007). "Skeptoid #38: The Marfa Lights: A Real American Mystery – No matter how much we want these Texas ghost lights to be mysterious, it turns out they're all too mundane". Skeptoid.
  15. ^ Stephan, Karl D. et al. (2009) Spectroscopy applied to observations of terrestrial light sources of uncertain origin American Journal of Physics
  16. ^ Dan Solomon (January 8, 2019). "Marfa Is Now Such a Stereotype They Can Mock It on 'The Simpsons'". Texas Monthly.

Bibliography

  • Borraz Aymerich, Manuel; Olmos, Juan Ballester. The Marfa Lights: Examining the Photographic Evidence (2003–2007). Academia. Retrieved 16 July 2020 – via Academia.edu.
  • James Bunnell, Strange Lights in West Texas. Lacey Publishing Company, Benbrook, TX, 2015 [ISBN missing]
  • Darack, Ed (2008). "Unlocking the Atmospheric Secrets of the Marfa Mystery Lights". Weatherwise. 61 (3): 36–43. doi:10.3200/WEWI.61.3.36-43. S2CID 191405224.
  • Herbert Lindee, "Ghosts Lights of Texas," Skeptical Inquirer, Vol. 166, No. 4, Summer 1992, pp. 400–406
  • Elton Miles, Tales of the Big Bend, Texas A&M University Press, 1976, pp. 149–167 [ISBN missing]
  • Dennis Stacy, "The Marfa Lights, A Viewer's Guide," Seale & Stacy, San Antonio, TX 1989 [ISBN missing]
  • Stephan, Karl D.; Bunnell, James; Klier, John; Komala-Noor, Laurence (2011). "Quantitative intensity and location measurements of an intense long-duration luminous object near Marfa, Texas". Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics. 73 (13): 1953. Bibcode:2011JASTP..73.1953S. doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2011.06.002.
  • David Stipp, "Marfa, Texas, Finds a Flickering Fame in Mystery Lights," Wall Street Journal, March 21, 1984, p. A1.
  • Cecilia Thompson, History of Marfa and Presidio County, Texas 1535–1946, Volume 1, 1535–1900 (Marfa, TX: The Presidio County Historical Commission, 1985), 194, 197
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